Level 4 · Mīm Sākinah

Ikhfāʾ shafawī

إِخْفَاء شَفَوِي

Level 4 · Mīm Sākinah

The silent mīm أَحْكَام ٱلْمِيم ٱلسَّاكِنَة

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The idea

A silent mīm (مْ) follows the same three-way logic as the nūn, but at the lips: hidden before bāʾ (ikhfāʾ shafawī), merged before another mīm with a hum (idghām shafawī), and clear before everything else (iẓhār shafawī). Learning it after the nūn family means the pattern is already familiar.

Ikhfāʾ shafawī

إِخْفَاء شَفَوِي
The rule
Mīm sākinah before ب is hidden at the lips with ghunnah.
How it sounds
The lips come together lightly for the m, held before the b.
How often
496 occurrences across the Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim text of the Qurʾān — mechanically derived from the Uthmani marks, not hand-counted.

Examples in the Qurʾān

  • وَكَذَّبَ بِهِۦ قَوْمُكَ وَهُوَ ٱلْحَقُّ قُل لَّسْتُ عَلَيْكُم بِوَكِيلٍ

    Qurʾān 6:66

  • إِنَّ مَا تُوعَدُونَ لَـَٔاتٍ وَمَآ أَنتُم بِمُعْجِزِينَ

    Qurʾān 6:134

  • فَلَنَقُصَّنَّ عَلَيْهِم بِعِلْمٍ وَمَا كُنَّا غَآئِبِينَ

    Qurʾān 7:7

Idghām shafawī

إِدْغَام شَفَوِي
The rule
Mīm sākinah before another م merges with a nasal hum.
How it sounds
The two mīms become one, held with a nasal hum.
How often
832 occurrences across the Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim text of the Qurʾān — mechanically derived from the Uthmani marks, not hand-counted.

Examples in the Qurʾān

  • ٱلَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلَٰقُوا۟ رَبِّهِمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ إِلَيْهِ رَٰجِعُونَ

    Qurʾān 2:46

  • ثُمَّ عَفَوْنَا عَنكُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

    Qurʾān 2:52

  • ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَٰكُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

    Qurʾān 2:56

Iẓhār shafawī

إِظْهَار شَفَوِي
The rule
Mīm sākinah before any letter but م and ب is spoken clearly.
How it sounds
The m is pronounced plainly, lips closing fully.
How often
6,156 occurrences across the Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim text of the Qurʾān — mechanically derived from the Uthmani marks, not hand-counted.

Examples in the Qurʾān

  • ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ

    Qurʾān 1:2

  • صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ

    Qurʾān 1:7

  • ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَٰهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ

    Qurʾān 2:3

Rule spans are computed from the Uthmani combining marks on the quran-uthmani text (Tanzil.net) in the recitation of Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim. Where to stop (waqf) is interpretive and is taught, never auto-asserted. How we count →

Questions

What is Ikhfāʾ shafawī (إِخْفَاء شَفَوِي) in tajwīd?

Mīm sākinah before ب is hidden at the lips with ghunnah. The lips come together lightly for the m, held before the b.

How often does Ikhfāʾ shafawī occur in the Qurʾān?

Ikhfāʾ shafawī occurs 496 times across the Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim text of the Qurʾān (quran-uthmani, Tanzil.net). The figure is derived mechanically from the Uthmani combining marks rather than counted by hand.

What is Idghām shafawī (إِدْغَام شَفَوِي) in tajwīd?

Mīm sākinah before another م merges with a nasal hum. The two mīms become one, held with a nasal hum.

How often does Idghām shafawī occur in the Qurʾān?

Idghām shafawī occurs 832 times across the Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim text of the Qurʾān (quran-uthmani, Tanzil.net). The figure is derived mechanically from the Uthmani combining marks rather than counted by hand.

What is Iẓhār shafawī (إِظْهَار شَفَوِي) in tajwīd?

Mīm sākinah before any letter but م and ب is spoken clearly. The m is pronounced plainly, lips closing fully.

How often does Iẓhār shafawī occur in the Qurʾān?

Iẓhār shafawī occurs 6,156 times across the Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim text of the Qurʾān (quran-uthmani, Tanzil.net). The figure is derived mechanically from the Uthmani combining marks rather than counted by hand.